Here we have shown the simplest form of patch antenna where the patch etched on the substrate is half-wavelength long while the thickness of the same is extremely less than λ. The figure here represents the top view of the microstrip antenna: This can be said in simple terms that a dielectric material having a conducting patch is supported by a ground plane. Suppose we have a rectangular patch antenna, which is formed by fabricating a rectangular metallic patch on a dielectric coated ground plane. The patches can be rectangular, square, circular, triangular, annular or elliptical in shape. These antennas come in various shapes where its shape is defined by the shape of the metallic patch placed on the dielectric material. Generally, patch antennas are considered as low profile antennas and are used for microwave frequency applications having frequency greater than 100 MHz.
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